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This is a description (longer than an abstract), and the front matter, of my third book: the annotated translation of the Henryków Book, prefaced by a long introduction. This document was sent to me by the publisher in the process of printing, so these pages are not numbered.
2020 •
The Transformation of Confessional Cultures in a Central European City results from a series of projects about the history of Olomouc, a medium-sized royal city in Moravia in the present-day Czech Republic. Set in its regional as well as wider contexts, this study of Olomouc contributes to research into ecclesiastical and religious developments of both the late medieval and early modern periods, and in particular the confessional divisions that followed the German Reformation. The chapters of this book are divided along chronological lines and also divided by topics and themes including: Hussitism and Utraquism, the early Czech Reformation, the impact and influences of the German Reformation, and the revival of the Catholic Church from the second half of the seventeenth century. Even though the struggles between rival confessions in the city only took place between the 1530s and 1650s, the council had asserted the city’s Catholicity against the Hussites in the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. This emphasis on the city’s Catholic spirituality, and the importance to the urban community of Catholic ritual and ceremonies was restored from the second half of the seventeenth century. The image of religious life in Olomouc that emerges from this study is of a society with competing Catholic bodies and individuals not only opposed to non-Catholic churches but also with sharp internal rivalries between Catholic institutions over forms of ritual and styles of worship. CONTENTS Foreword Introduction. Olomouc – The City and Its History, by Jaroslav Miller 1. A Catholic City in the Hussite Era, 1400-1450s, by Jan Stejskal Death of Margrave Jobst Catholic City versus Hussite Nobility Bishops of Olomouc The Besieged City Capestrano in the City Conclusion 2. Between Hussitism and Reformation, 1450s-1520s, by Antonín Kalous King George Competing Catholic Institutions The Bishop, the Chapter and the City King Matthias Religious Orders The City and the German Reformation Conclusion 3. The Divided City, 1520s-1600, by Ondřej Jakubec Conflict and Coexistence 1556-1558: Confessional Reversal The Olomouc Bishops and Their Confessional Politics in a Divided City The Olomouc City Council versus the Olomouc Bishops The City School at the Church of St Maurice Lutheran Preachers and “Agitators” The Death of Georg Thaller in 1570 and non-Catholic Burials in Olomouc Disciplining of Religious Life in Olomouc The Confessional Topography of Olomouc and Its Visual Manifestations Conclusion 4. The Stormy Path to a Single Religion, 1600-1650, by Tomáš Parma Difficult Continuity: Olomouc in the pre-White Mountain Period Revolt of the Estates: The Temporary Hegemony of non-Catholics State Enforced re-Catholicisation and Decline of the City Swedish Occupation Conclusion 5. The Evolution of Catholic Identity, 1650-1700, by Radmila Prchal Pavlíčková Pilgrimage and Baroque Spirituality Bishop Charles Revival of Catholic Piety Active Religious Life Conclusion 6. Consolidation, 1700-1750, by Martin Elbel Balance of Power Self-Assured Triumph New Challenges Conclusion Afterword, by Graeme Murdock List of Olomouc Bishops, 1397-1776 List of Figures List of Abbreviations Archival Sources Bibliography Index
Studia Medievalia Bohemica
Faces of Community in Central European Towns. Images, Symbols, and Performances, 1400–1700, ed. Kateřina Horníčková, Lexington Books, Lanham – Boulder – New York – London 20182019 •
My dissertation is an analytical study of a historical anthropological nature of the special relationship between parish priests and church assistants active in Csongrád in the second half of the 19th century, and the role they played in local society. Social role is understood to mean the sum of the forms of action expected of the individual by the community, that is, the body of expectations attached to certain social statuses and positions. Individuals also have an understanding of the question of “how a priest/cantor/bellringer, etc.” should behave, and as they adapt their behaviour to these expectations, they also become role-carriers. Experiencing and accepting the social role is a factor of key importance; accordingly the role of the lower clergy and church assistants also requires sincere identification with the moral weight of their tasks. The community judges their behaviour and everyday actions in the light of the success or failure of their role identification. The representatives of historical anthropology – including myself – regard it as essential to clarify precisely the circumstances, to assess the cultural, economic and especially the social conditions serving as the background of the phenomena studied. In this sense the society of Csongrád in the period concerned is the context of the values and norms to which the office-bearers examined relate and adapt – in their own customary, ad hoc way. It is in this context that the decisions and responses of the individual actor acquire meaning. Two characteristic elements of microhistory that are difficult to separate from historical anthropology can also be found in my work. One is the concept of normal exception associated with the name of Edoardo Grendi, that can be examined through the example of the parish priest Antal Hegyi (1886-1902). According to the theory, the examination of atypical phenomena – that is, phenomena contrary to statistical representativity – can help to reveal deep strata of social reality that, in the absence of conflict, remain hidden. Given that the individual chapters of the dissertation are restricted both in their sub-themes and in time and space, the idea of change of scale logically arises. The change of scale tries to form a bridge from the micro to the macro, from the specific to the general by reconstructing the fabric of social reality through an increasingly thick description of micro-level phenomena. I have treated the minor and major conflicts of the ecclesiastical and para-ecclesiastical office-bearers as the sum of phenomena that in themselves point beyond themselves and throw light on cultural and tradition-based relations. In this way the present dissertation can be regarded as a chain of case studies that, embedded into a wider social context, become historical anthropological analysis, a picture formed of mosaic pieces. My research is thus focused on changes in the social role of the lower clergy, lay assistants and para-ecclesiastical assistants in the second half of the 19th century. According to my hypothesis, parallel with the restructuring of the society of Csongrád, the judgement of individual roles must also have undergone change, and the path to an understanding of trends influencing the transformation leads through the study of individual conflicts.
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