Evaporation

A number of simplified approaches, based on semi-empirical models and algebraic formulas, often derived from the correlation of experimental data, are available to predict the evaporation rate of chemicals from pools. In this work they are compared, based on their performances in estimating the evaporation rates determined in some sets of experiments reported in the literature, involving different chemicals, pool geometries, wind velocities, etc. Generally, the models predict correctly the data used in the fitting to determine their own parameters, but most of them fail when applied to other data sets. No model appear capable of predicting all the available sets of literature data with errors within ± 30%: nevertheless, some models application guidelines can be derived. In particular, the model of Heymes et al. (2013), provides reasonable estimates of the evaporation rates of a variety of compounds in rather different operating conditions, for wind speed exceeding 1 m/s, while the s...

This work provides thermodynamic data, in particular, liquid-state saturation vapor pressures of three common slightly water soluble secondary organic aerosol components, namely, malonic, succinic, and glutaric acids. A modified tandem differential mobility analyzer ...

For two decades, solid waste components in Bank projects have focused on collection of solid wastes, with equipment provided to upgrade operations at existing open dumps. Since early 1990, the private sector has become increasingly involved in the collection, disposal, and treatment of solid waste, and Bank projects have placed greater priority on implementation of new sanitary landfills. The following guidance provides an examination of some of the issues which need to be addressed in landfill siting and design.

The accurate prediction of all aspects of cooling tower behavior is very important. Accurately predicting evaporation losses is significant because water in cooling towers is cooled primarily through the evaporation of a portion of the circulating water, which causes the ...

This paper presents the application of the Discrete Component Model for heating and evaporation to multi-component biodiesel fuel droplets in direct injection internal combustion engines. This model takes into account the effects of temperature gradient, recirculation and species diffusion inside droplets. A distinctive feature of the model used in the analysis is that it is based on the analytical solutions to the temperature and species diffusion equations inside the droplets. Nineteen types of biodiesel fuels are considered. It is shown that a simplistic model, based on the approximation of biodiesel fuel by a single component or ignoring the diffusion of components of biodiesel fuel, leads to noticeable errors in predicted droplet evaporation time and time evolution of droplet surface temperature and radius.