Manufacturing

‘As industry practitioners know well from experience, generalization is hard to come by. Whether it's manufacturing, services, or something in between, it's the details that seem to matter most when it comes to determining outcomes. The value in this book is enormous because details tell the stories across a diverse set of industries. I applaud the editors and authors on their substantial achievement. Manufacturing and related supply chains are dynamic, and this book is rich with information that offers deeper understanding about the processes involved.’
– Professor Frank Giarratani, Center for Industry Studies, University of Pittsburgh, US

‘This book represents a major contribution to our thinking about modern manufacturing industries and is not just timely it is long overdue! The authors have done an outstanding job in bringing to bear a range of multi-disciplinary perspectives on a domain which all too often suffers from rather narrow disciplinary analyses. Ranging from engineering to social science and drawing on examples from the US, Europe and Asia, the book provides not only a wealth of fact and illustration but a rich landscape to inform those charged with industrial policy and manufacturing strategies.’
– From the foreword by Sir Mike Gregory, University of Cambridge, UK

The Handbook of Manufacturing Industries in the World Economy

The Handbook of Manufacturing Industries in the World Economy provides a critical and multi-disciplinary state-of-the-art review and analysis of current manufacturing processes, practices and policies. Expanding our knowledge and understanding of production and innovation, this collection demonstrates that manufacturing continues to matter in the world economy.

The contributors, including scholars ranging from engineering to policy to economic geography, cover manufacturing policy and the revival of the industrial base in the US, UK and Canada and engage national and regional strategies for implementing advanced manufacturing policies. Questions of economic resilience in the wake of the recent recession are asked, and industry and firm case studies are utilised in an international comparative context. Applying a wide range of international cases from the US, EU, Australia and Asia, this approach allows readers to view transformations in production systems and processes across sectors, technologies and industries.

Students, scholars and policymakers in the fields of public policy, economic geography, city and regional planning, and business and management will find this collection invaluable in understanding how firms and industries adapt, through dynamic and design-driven strategies, to produce for established and emerging markets.

Contents:

PART I: INTRODUCTION

PART II:(PROCESSES) BUILDING BLOCKS: FACTOR INPUTS AND PRODUCTION ORGANIZATION
1. Manufacturing Management in Theory and Practice
Paul L Forrester

2. Manufacturing and Labor
Sally Weller

3. How Does Financialization Affect Manufacturing Investment? Preliminary Evidence from the US and UK
Susan Christopherson

4. Manufacturing Logistics
Peter V. Hall

5. Reshoring and the ‘Manufacturing Moment’
Margaret Cowell and John Provo

6. Relocation of Production Activities and Underlying Social Dynamics: An Analytical Framework based on a Canadian Perspective
Patrice Jalette

7. Tool-less Manufacture: Digital Fabrication, 3D Printing and the Third Industrial Revolution
Michael Ward

8. Engineering and Manufacturing: Concurrent Maturation of xRL
Ben Wang, William C. Kessler and Andrew Dugenske

9. Energy and Manufacturing: Technology and Policy Transformations and Challenges
Marilyn A. Brown and Gyungwon Kim

10. Design and Manufacturing: The Competitiveness of American, European and Chinese Industrial Design Companies
Vida Vanchan and John Bryson

11. Intellectual Property and Patents: Knowledge Creation and Diffusion
Dieter Kogler

PART III: INDUSTRY AND FIRM CASE STUDIES
12. Manufacturing Textile Futures: Innovation, Adaptation and the UK Textiles Industry
Megan Ronayne

13. Finding a Future for the U.S. Furniture Industry
Susan Walcott

14. New Geographies of Advanced Manufacturing: The Case of Machine Tools
Ron Kalafsky

15. Farm Machinery: A Changing Path to Feed the World
Dawn M. Drake

16. Hidden in Plain Sight: The North American Optics and Photonics Industry
Jennifer Clark

17. Traditional and Emerging Markets in the Global Steel Supply Chain
Carey Durkin Treado

18. Intermediate Manufacturing: Profit, Dependency and Value Attainment in Supply Chains
Rachel Mulhall

19. Aerospace Manufacturing: Past, Present and Future
Colin G. Drury

20. Manufacturing Stoke: Emergence, Transformation and Consolidation in the Surfboard Industry
Andrew Warren and Chris Gibson

21. Migrant Manufacturing: Translocal Production and the Establishment of a Polish Bakery in Birmingham, UK
Catherine Harris

22. Škoda Auto: The transformation from a domestic to a Tier Two lead firm
Petr Pavlínek

23. Samsung: Restructuring, Innovation, and Global Networks
Sam Ock Park

PART IV: POLICY NARRATIVES IN MANUFACTURING
24. Stability Amid Industrial Change: The Geography of U.S. Deindustrialization since 1980
Marc Doussard and Greg Schrock

25. Searching for Advanced Manufacturing in the United Kingdom and United States: Definitions, Measurement and Public Policy
Finbarr Livesey

26. National Manufacturing Policy, Local Real Estate Markets, and the Missing Region: Prospects for Urban Industrial Development in the U.S.
Laura Wolf-Powers

27. The City and Industry: Deurbanizing Manufacturing in New York City?
Lynn McCormick

28. Manufacturing in the Knowledge Economy: Innovation in Low-tech Industries
Teis Hansen and Lars Winther

29. Crafting a Comeback: Cultivating an Innovative Ecosystem in Mature Regions
Maryann Feldman and Lauren Lanahan

30. From Skill Mismatch to Reinterpretation: Challenges and Solutions for Manufacturing Worker Retention and Recruitment
Nichola J. Lowe

PART V: CONCLUSION

The mica group of sheet silicate (phyllosilicate) minerals includes several closely related materials having nearly perfect basal cleavage. All are monoclinic, with a tendency towards pseudohexagonal crystals, and are similar in chemical composition. The nearly perfect cleavage, which is the most prominent characteristic of mica, is explained by the hexagonal sheet-like arrangement of its atoms.
Mica is a naturally occurring stone that directly applies to a set of minerals containing silica in its highest form. This mineral is mostly used in gypsum wallboard combined compound where it acts as wadding and prevents cracking. There are a variety of uses of this mineral such as:

It is used in paints as a pigment extender and also helps to brighten the tone of colored pigments
In the electrical industry the same as thermal insulation, and electrical insulators in electronic equipment
Its shiny and glittery appearance makes it ultimate for toothpaste and cosmetics
The high thermal resistance allows it to be used as an insulator in various electronics
MICA SHIELDS or Gauge Glass Mica can be used to secure the liquid level gauges from corrosive and acidic solutions.

Within microbiology, a shift is taking place from simple laboratory studies toward greater use of risk assessment and management]. Sometimes these approaches form part of a drug company’s total quality system; sometimes they exist as stand-alone techniques. The most important guidelines for pharmaceutical microbiology are described in ICH Q9, including the tools of FMEA (Failure Modes and Effects Analysis); FTA (Fault Tree Analysis); and HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points). The two most commonly used within microbiology are HACCP (which originated in the food industry) and FMEA (developed for engineering). This article explores these two approaches, first with a description of HACCP, followed by a description and case study of FMEA in sterility testing.

Low-power laser scanning techniques provide a powerful tool for a diverse range of automatic inspection tasks. They are more suitable for high component feed rates, less sensitive to changes in ambient lighting and their output requires less processing power than CCD vision systems. In earlier papers, the authors have described typical automotive-related areas of application for laser scanning. The current paper describes recent work concerned with data capture and signal
processing techniques necessary for fully automatic inspection systems with particular reference metal cutting machine tools.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping the organizations and society because of its pervasiveness capacity. AI refers to machines (robots, computers, etc.) making tasks that typically demand specific human intelligence. Moreover, AI with its sub-field 'Machine Learning' (ML) is the core of the new era of Data-oriented Manufacturing 4.0 of nowadays. For industrials, these two paradigms are becoming an absolute critical key to success to remain competitive. AI approaches are the most enabler techniques of the 'intelligent' industry through process automation, industrial robotics, predictive decision-aid, Big Data cyber-integration, cyber-physical systems, IoT connectivity, and so forth. In AI-powered manufacturing, the traditional theory-oriented management is being replaced by Data-oriented management where Data is taking the central in guiding processes 'intelligently' instead of old best practices. Therefore, mutations are already in their way of affecting completely the industrial worldwide networks by eliminating inefficiencies, assisting workers, and creating new opportunities, but also in engendering unexpected challenges by altering the current operations. The objective of this special session is to call academics to debate and examine the way AI approaches are influencing the industrial processes under the new era of Manufacturing 4.0.

One of the key advantages of additive manufacturing (AM) is its digital thread, which allows for rapid communication, iteration, and sharing of a design model and its corresponding physical representation. While this enables a more efficient design process, it also presents opportunities for cyber-attacks to impact the physical word. In this paper the authors examine potential attack vectors along the Additive Manufacturing process chain. Specifically, the effects of cyber-physical attacks, and potential means for detecting them, are explored. Based on the results of this study, recommendations are presented for preventing and detecting cyber-physical attacks on AM processes.

The Economist (UK) invited me to participate in their periodic online debate series with World Bank economist, Wolfgang Fengler, about the need for industrialization in Africa. The 3-part series was posted online during March 12 – 22, 2013. Readers votes determine the winner.

The Turkish textile and ready-made industry is mostly export-oriented and has a salient place both in our country's economy as well as in the world market. In this study, according to the lower area of the textile sector in Turkey, it is aimed to create a network analysis of export figures by network analysis of their productions according to region and provinces. Gephi 0.9.2 program was used in the study. Gephi is open-source software that is based on data mining and it visualizes the complex relationships between data through a network structure. Sector production data were used from TOBB and export data was obtained from TURKSTAT. The weighted values of the producer information belonging to the regions according to the NACE classification of the textile sub-sectors were used on the Gephi program. It has been observed that the textile sector has spread to all regions, and it has been found that the regions where the sector concentration is highest are the Marmara, Aegean, and Southeastern Anatolia regions.

This paper discusses what is known about the life-cycle burdens of lithium ion batteries. Constituent-material production and the subsequent manufacturing of batteries are emphasized. Of particular interest is estimation of the impact of battery material recycling on battery manufacturing. Because some materials come from comparatively less plentiful resources, the recycling of lithium ion batteries and the potential impact on battery-production life-cycle burdens are discussed. This effort represents the early stage of lithium ion battery life-cycle analysis, in which processes are characterized preparatory to detailed data acquisition. Notwithstanding the lack of data on production of battery materials, it is estimated that the energy use and greenhouse gas emissions associated with battery manufacturing make up only a small percentage of a plug-in hybrid vehicle's total life-cycle energy use. Further, the recycling of battery materials potentially can significantly reduce the...

A digital seismic measuring chain is an electromechanical system able to record the lowest natural ground motions observable on Earth but also to measure signals from largest earthquakes. Its cornerstones are an inertial seismometer and a digitizer. As equipments available on the market don't answer to all seismological applications CEA/DASE (Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique/Departement analyse, surveillance, environnement) is interested in, it has developed the adequate digital seismic measuring chains. Today, the technologies used have reached their maturity. New sensing techniques need to be developed. Optical sensors are now widely used in vibrometry and displacement measurements. Such devices generally use interferometry to achieve subnanometric resolution with a large dynamic range. We have developed a prototype digital motion transducer from a Michelson interferometer in order to evaluate the potential of this technology for seismological applications. Tests were carried out to validate the operation of this transducer and to estimate its main characteristics for seismological applications. We focused on transducer motion range and intrinsic noise. Results are promising. Prototype intrinsic noise reaches levels as small as 100 fm/√Hz around 8 Hz and is better than that of present transducers all over the bandwidth of interest, motion range also. Interesting seismological applications can be considered leading to more accurate seismic measuring chains, easier to manufacture, deploy and operate.

The fixed partial denture produced by conventional method is greatly relied on the skill and experience of dental technician. Its quality and accuracy depends mostly on the technician's subjective judgment. In addition, the manual process involves many procedures that require a long time to complete. Most important, it does not preserve any quantitative information for future retrieval. In this article, a new device for scanning denture images and reconstructing 3D digital information of dental model by abrasive computer tomography (ACT) was designed in-house and proposed. The fixed partial denture was then produced by the rapid prototyping (RP) and computer numerical control (CNC) machining methods based on ACT scanned digital information. A force feedback sculptor (FreeForm system, Sensible Technologies Inc., USA) accompany with 3D Touch technology was applied to modify the morphology design of denture. It enables the dentist to perform digital manipulation of denture profile ...

The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-Ray analysis of the Al-Fe alloy revealed the formation of varying ironaluminide intermetallic compounds. The Al-Fe alloys were produced by varying the composition of Fe. The pure 'Al' billets were heated up to 750 о c and in the molten condition of aluminium 'Fe' powder was added resulting in an exothermic reaction. The exothermic reaction raised the molten bath temperature to ~ 1400 о c which activated the formation of intermetallic compound.

The two-part article aimed to investigate poloxamer 407-based microspheres as a novel platform for enhancing and controlling the delivery of atenolol across the oromucosal tissue. In the Part I of the work, atenolol-loaded poloxamers 407 microparticles were prepared by the solvent free spray congealing technology. This approach was feasible upon the high viscosity of the systems allowing for high loaded (20% w/w) non-aggregated microspheres. Several formulations were studied and the results demonstrated that the drug release patterns, solubility data, mucoadhesion to buccal tissue and gelling properties in saliva could be modified by adding different amount of an amphiphilic polymer-lipid excipient (Gelucire(®) 50/13) to poloxamer 407. Particularly, microspheres based only on poloxamer 407 exhibited very high solubility, mucoadhesive strength and gelling behaviour. To assess their potential as matrix for buccal application, the gelling property and the drug release from tablets obta...

Today, many knowledge-based technology applications form a business ecosystem: a set of complex products and services made by multiple firms in which no firm is dominant. For this paper the emerging radio frequency ID (RFID) ecosystem was built based on firms' alliance announcements, and propositions around the behavior of large, multi-line technology firms in this network were analyzed. The RFID network is used to empirically show that absorptive capacity, and exploration vs. exploitation theories may explain some behavior of large firms. Specifically, a propensity to form alliances in general makes it more likely large firms will join the RFID ecosystem, and more exploratory firms join earlier. Greater availability of slack resources also leads to the formation of more alliances in the network. The ecosystem perspective and these results may influence alliance decisions of firms entering into high cost technological innovations.

The standard operation of companies involves managing risk, whether that risk comes from safety or financial factors. Despite this fact, most companies do little or nothing to manage the safety or financial risk related to their controller automation. This is quite surprising for manufacturing and production companies that depend primarily on equipment and process automation. Those involved in industrial management, plant safety, maintenance and installation of automation equipment should give serious consideration to the risks involved with their PLCs. This article focuses on automation control, but the following approach should be applied to all aspects of manufacturing and production automation.

This paper presents an empirical study aimed at investigating the adoption of manufacturing intangible technologies in small manufacturing supplying firms that are located in late developing areas. Manufacturing intangible technologies are more or less formalised practices necessary to make hard technologies work, and to improve manufacturing process management and control. A survey was carried on collecting data from a sample including 291 small manufacturing supplying firms located in Southern Italy. Findings show that managers in a large number of firms have acquired awareness that the adoption of hard tangible technologies alone cannot lead to higher performance, but a change of the manufacturing system organisation or working routines with the adoption of soft technologies is often a necessary condition to preserve or enhance competitiveness. These firms – even coming up against obstacles many times – have been capable to translate their management awareness into practice, by introducing a number of identifiable intangible technologies in the manufacturing environment of their
organisations. Findings also reveal that industry type affects the adoption of intangible manufacturing technologies.

Family businesses are important contributors to wealth and employment creation in any country. Indeed the economic landscape of most nations remains dominated by family firms. In Kenya, one of the Vision 2030 objectives is to create new jobs and the growth of family businesses is important to help achieve this objective. Unfortunately, many family businesses collapse within the first few years of operation and others stagnate leading to loss of jobs and greatly affecting the Kenyan economy.Succession can be defined as the process through which the leadership of the business is transferred from the outgoing generation to the successor generation, which can either be a family member or a non-family member. A number of researchers have stated that one of the most significant factors that determine continuity of the family firm from one generation to the next is whether the succession process is planned. Companies that do not have succession plans have a lot at stake. The founder of tho...

The study aims to examine the impact of liquidity and solvency management on the financial performance of Jordanian manufacturing companies listed on the Amman Stock Exchange, for a period of 10 years from 2010 to 2019. The size of the company was used as a control variable. The study employs Return on Assets (ROA) and Earnings Per Share (EPS) to measure financial performance. Current ratio (CR) and total debts to total assets were used as proxies for liquidity and solvency management, while logarithm of total assets was used to measure the size. Correlation and multi regression analyses have been applied to analyze the data. The results show a statistically significant impact of independent and control variables (liquidity and solvency management and the size of the company) on financial performance, while the detailed results of the hypotheses indicate that liquidity has an insignificant reverse impact on financial performance. With respect to other variables, there is a significa...

Despite the claims on how stakeholders could benefit from electronic marketplaces (eMarketplaces), the actual user take-up of eMarketplaces have been modest and in many cases even failed to deliver their promises. We believe this is due to the lack of preparations in dealing with values of such ventures during the strategic planning of the organisations concerned. Given that values are

A reliability capability assessment process can assist OEMs and system integrators in assessing prospective suppliers for their ability to design and manufacture reliable products before they are delivered for use, and on an ongoing basis, help a company in ...