Manufacturing Engineering

The sustainability challenges that the food system is facing are ever increasing. The traditional approach to monitoring these changes considers economic, societal and environmental sustainability. A strong case has been made, however, that a fourth dimension, ethical, should also be considered. Conventionally, two main strategies have been used to assess the improvements in sustainability: efficiency and sufficiency. Efficiency is usually linked with technological improvements, and sufficiency is connected with a reduction in production or consumption. We introduce a third strategy to the analysis; namely consistency that is related mainly to the ethical dimension of sustainability. Trends of the indicators related to the three strategies are calculated on both a global and regional scale from 1962 to 2009. Efficiency (measured as land requirement for animal products) has increased by about 13 percent globally, sufficiency (measured as the a mount of meat consumed) has declined by ...

A dual powered vulcanizing machine was successfully designed and
constructed to ameliorate the problems associated with fuel scarcity and epileptic power
supply in developing countries like Nigeria. The machine consists mainly of two power
sources via petrol engine and electric motor. Either the petrol engine or the electric motor
can be used to drive the reciprocating compressor depending on the prevailing
circumstances at the time of powering the machine. In designing the machine, special
consideration was given to cost of manufacture and service condition. Basic workshop
fabrication techniques were employed in the various component parts constructed. A
minimum of 96 kW was the power developed at the shaft and 83 kW was the power
developed at the engine. In both cases, minimum power was developed. The outcome of the
results of efficiency showed that engine was efficient, the results obtained being 86%.
Thus, the machine can be used in small and medium scale applications such as
commercial vulcanizing and provision or compressed air for workshop use.

In order to study the microstructure and mechanical properties of Copper Beryllium alloy, spreadability test was carried out at two temperatures under Argon atmosphere for different filler metals of Ag content. The results show that BAg2a (Ag–26Cu–21Zn–19Cd) and BAg1a (Ag–18.5 Cu–17Zn–14.5 Cd) are the best choice for brazing of Copper Beryllium. Zn affects the wetting of interlayer because it spreads preferentially. The bonding process was carried out at a temperature ranging of 650–800 C for various times under ...

The paper defines and clarifies basic concepts of enterprise architectures. Then an overview on architectures for enterprise integration developed since the middle of the 1980s is presented. The main part of the paper focuses on the recent developments on ...

In the United States, highly competitive market outsourcing benefits are correlated to low consumer prices, growth in sales, and taking over market shares leaving competitors tailgating your organization. The high costs associated with adhering to the United States manufacturing regulations that include adherence to Clean Air Act that controls the pollution levels; Clean Water Act; Occupation Safety and Health Act; labor; and disposal regulations among others are leading reasons for the attraction of companies to outsource to global markets that have fewer regulations. Global outsourcing ventures in manufacturing sectors carry a perception of unethical conduct that involves long hour with low wages, physically abused, and poor working conditions, among consumers. The researchers’ objective was for an opportunity to acquire and understand millennials perspectives on the integration of individual moral values with ethics and millennials personal implications on sustainable development in Apple’s manufacture outsourcing. Consumer millennials decision to purchase Apple products contributes to Apple’s sustainability development; would the millennial’s access to the unethical practices in the manufacturing sway purchasing decisions. The face to face interviews gained insight if millennials considered individual morals and ethics in making purchasing decisions. The interviewed population for the research was millennials ages 18 to 34 who

The paper gave a detailed definition of jigs and fixtures, and also identified the numerous advantages that are
associated with the use of jigs and fixtures in manufacturing to include: production increase, cost reduction, interchangeability
and high accuracy of parts, reduction of the need for inspection and quality control expenses, reduction of accident as safety is
improved, automation of machine tool to an appreciable extent, easy machining of complex and heavy components, as well as
low variability in dimension which leads to consistent quality of manufactured products. The work also explained that since the
design is dependent on numerous factors which are analyzed to achieve an optimum output, that jigs and fixtures should be
made of rigid light materials to facilitate easy handling. For adequate strength and rigidity, a mild steel with 16 millimeters
diameter was chosen for the design of a sample jig and fixture. Mild steel which contain about 0.29% of carbon are very cheap,
and because of their easy availability are often the choicest material for the making of jigs of fixtures.With 1.5 as the material
factor ‘k’ for mild steel, a feed rate of 0.17 millimeter per revolution, and a drill diameter of 16 millimeters, the Thrust/Drilling
force was calculated as 3094.2 N. The Force acting on each of the lips was calculated as 1700 N, the Torque (M) was gotten as
1360N-mm, while the value of the Clamping Force was also calculated as 4080N. The calculated values confirmed that a 16
millimeter diameter mild will lead to the construction of a rigid and strong jigs and fixtures that will guarantee high machining
accuracy, consistent quality of products, and interchangeability. Finall, the paper advocated that jigs and fixtures must be
provided with adequate clearance which should allow for variations in size of components especially during forging, milling,
and casting operations.

This research paper is mainly focused on
the detailed study of the conventional materials that
are usually employed in the front fan blade of
turbofan engine. The operating conditions and the
major material indices which influences the
performance are considered and detailed study has
been made. In the later part CES, the material
selection software was introduced to suggest
alternative advanced materials in the form of
polymers for the considered component. Then the
machinability, crystalline structures and advanced
manufacturing techniques to be employed are also
discussed in detail.

This review paper is devoted to discussing the development and the present state of some key aspects of the mechanical behaviour of composite materials under impact loading. The experimental techniques employed for determining the behaviour of composite materials at high strain rate in tensile, compressive and shear loading are presented and discussed. The discussion includes their fundamental advantages and limitations. Directions for future research are also indicated.

Looking at the 3.6 million years since man has evolved the invention of
passenger cars seems only yesterday, but since the first cars produced by Sir Henry
Ford there have been tremendous achievements in the field of engine performance
and design. We now have engines running on countless kinds of fuels producing unimaginable
power outputs.
Among the many factors responsible for improvement in the engine has been the fuel
injection system with the addition of cylinders and various other components. The
injector has been a step forward from the age-old carburetor, thereby improving the
performance of the engine.