Ancient Greek History

Since the 1980s, many researchers have been interested in the question
of the boundaries of Greek territories. However, the study of Argos reveals
the difficulties which exist in finding concrete markers of the domination
of a city on the limits of its territory. On the contrary, the Argive
border areas are characterized by a certain fluidity in their definition:
the kômai, which are established there, keep a certain independence
and can easily change their allegiance. The city of Argos is then defined
spatially not by clear and precise borders, but by accumulation of kômai
which integrate the political system of Argos.

Southeast Asia is home to rich human genetic and linguistic diversity, but the details of past population movements in the region are not well known. Here, we report genome-wide ancient DNA data from eighteen Southeast Asian individuals spanning from the Neolithic period through the Iron Age (4100-1700 years ago). Early farmers from Man Bac in Vietnam exhibit a mixture of East Asian (southern Chinese agriculturalist) and deeply diverged eastern Eurasian (hunter-gatherer) ancestry characteristic of Austroasiatic speakers, with similar ancestry as far south as Indonesia providing evidence for an expansive initial spread of Austroasiatic languages. By the Bronze Age, in a parallel pattern to Europe, sites in Vietnam and Myanmar show close connections to present-day majority groups, reflecting substantial additional influxes of migrants.

Farming was first introduced to southeastern Europe in the mid-7thmillennium BCE – brought by migrants from Anatolia who settled in the region before spreading throughout Europe. To clarify the dynamics of the interaction between the first farmers and indigenous hunter-gatherers where they first met, we analyze genome-wide ancient DNA data from 223 individuals who lived in southeastern Europe and surrounding regions between 12,000 and 500 BCE. We document previously uncharacterized genetic structure, showing a West-East cline of ancestry in hunter-gatherers, and show that some Aegean farmers had ancestry from a different lineage than the northwestern Anatolian lineage that formed the overwhelming ancestry of other European farmers. We show that the first farmers of northern and western Europe passed through southeastern Europe with limited admixture with local hunter-gatherers, but that some groups mixed extensively, with relatively sex-balanced admixture compared to the male-biased...

Este é um livro desenhado especificamente para ajudar alunos a aprender a língua original do Novo Testamento. Ele assume que os leitores não sabem nada sobre o grego, mas visa capacitá-los a ler, no final do curso, textos do próprio Novo Testamento Grego. O material neste livro já foi usado por mais de vinte anos em várias escolas teológicas no Brasil. O Volume 2 da obra será posto nesta página logo.

From 2009 until 2013, the microregion around the Byzantine place of pilgrimage (Germia) was the focus of an epigraphic survey. In the course of the project, which was part of a wide-ranging archaeological study of the region, more than forty new inscriptions were discovered, analyzed subsequently and published in 2013. The fertile region around Germia has retained a mostly rural character; it was hardly ever mentioned in literary sources. All the more important are the new texts which further our knowledge of the history and historical geography of the area and shed new light on the people and their living conditions in the Roman Imperial and the Early Byzantine period.

The study was devised to understand the contribution to nephrology ofDe Medicina Methodicaof Prospero Alpini published in 1511, at a time when the fame of the professor reached the azimuth. We have analyzed the contents of chapters devoted to nephrology in that book of Prospero Alpini and the novelties of his message. Prospero Alpini (1563-1616) taught at the University of Padua (1594-1616), at the same time of Galileo Galilei, Santorio Santorio, and Girolamo Fabrizi dAcquapendente, when measurements (pulse, temperature, perspiration) were introduced into medicine. He was a travelling physician to whom we owe fundamental contributions to the use of urine to prognosticate life and death (De Praesagienda vita et morte aegrotantium libri septem, Venetiis, apud Haeredes Melchioris Sessae,1601). As prefect of the Botanical Garden - the first ever and a model in the world - he could turn the study of simples into cures(De Medicina Methodica Libri Tredecim. Patavi, apud Franciscum Bolzetta...

Cults for Greco-Egyptian gods such as Isis, Sarapis, Anubis, and Harpocrates enjoyed great interest in the Greek world of the Hellenistic period. This article analyses the agency of women in these cults in Hellenistic Athens and Delos. It poses the question whether the agency of women can be directly compared to the agency of men. It identifies, first, reservations in modern scholarship about women in positions of religious power, and, second, institutional boundaries that excluded women from official priestly positions. It demonstrates the ways in which women nonetheless held agency within family networks, and, third, possessed ritual competencies beyond formal offices and a relationship to deities on a personal level.

Academic Positions: Assistant Professor in Classical Studies: Department of Comparative Arts & Letters, Brigham Young University 2018Postdoctoral Teaching Fellow: Department of History, Utah State University 2016-18 Lecturer: Department of Classics, UT Austin, Summer 2016 Assistant Instructor (Instructor of Record): Dept. of Classics, UT Austin, 2011-2016 College Continuing Fellow: UT Austin, College of Liberal Arts, 2013-2014, Fall 2015 Vice Presidential Research Fellow: Utah State University, 2008-2009 Graduate Teaching Fellow: Utah State University, 2008-2009

The riddle of the Sphinx, "What creature with one voice, goes on four feet in the morning, two feet at noon, and three feet in the evening?" can be considered to represent, in just a few lines, the entire story of Oedipus. Exactly as a man changes yet stays the same throughout his life, Oedipus, too, in the

Lisovskaya T.V. Dichotomy "Friend-Foe" in interfaith relationsВ статье анализируются межконфессиональные отношения в посредством матрицы «Свой - Чужой», факторы и особенности межконфессионального диалога на примере межрелигиозных отношений в западнобелорусском регионе в первой половине ХХ века

The king is dead, long live the king!' serves as one of the best-known exclamations for marking changes of monarchical rule. While literally reducing the proclamation of the incumbent's death and his successor's accession to a single (prolonged) held breath, this paper argues that successions of rule cannot always be condensed to such a barely noticeable reflex that focuses solely on emphasising dynastic continuities. Assessing the ruler's body as cornerstone in narrating these moments of change, it is argued that, for instance, notions of the return of a supposedly dead predecessor to restore rulership ultimately run counter to established narrative strategies of dynastic upheavals. How is a ruler believably dead and yet still alive, a change of rule accomplished and yet still in progress, and rulership, thus, there and not? In this paper, such ambivalences are discussed using the change of rule after the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople in 1453 as example.

ΙΩΑΝΝΟΥ ΕΠΙΣΤΟΛΗ ΤΡΙΤΗ

Lettera di Giovanni a Gaio

3° Trattato di Giovanni a tutti i Cristiani

TIGINT

Traduzione Interlineare Greco Italiano del Nuovo Testamento

nuovo, testamento, bibbia, interlineare, italiano, greco, traduzione, trasliterazione, vangeli, sacre, scritture, libri, biblici, greche, cristiane, new, testament, bible, interlinear, italian, greek, translation, transliteration, gospels, sacred, scriptures, books, biblical, greek, christian, nuovo testamento, matteo, marco, luca, giovanni, atti degli apostoli, atti, apostoli, romani, lettera, apostolo, Paolo, 1 Corinti, 2 corinti, galati, efesini, filippesi, colossesi, 1 Tessalonicesi, 2 Tessalonicesi, 1 Timoteo, Tito, Filemone, Ebrei, Giacomo, 1 Pietro, 2 Pietro, 1 Giovanni, 2 Giovanni, 3 Giovanni, Giuda, Apocalisse, Rivelazione,

https://interlineare.altervista.org/tigint-online/index.php

El libro que presentamos intenta abarcar el estudio de los diversos campos semánticos de la Naturaleza (natura) en la literatura romana a través de sus textos más relevantes. Se propone una indagación pormenorizada del corpus literario latino desde los comienzos de la República en una investigación sistemática que, tras una introducción, comprende trabajos sobre Plauto, Cicerón, Varrón, Lucrecio, Virgilio, Horacio, Ovidio, Séneca y autores de la tardoantigüedad y la Edad Media.

The technique of Graph Theory is described and applied to the ancient road system of the Peloponnese, using the network described in the Peutinger Table, and compared with George Gennadius' map of 1822. The result demonstrates the relative importance of centres in the Peloponnese during the Roman period, and the modification to the pattern of road usage resulting from sea communications. Details of a computer programme for the necessary calculations are given in an appendix.

This paper aims to reread Strabo's description of Sicily from a historical perspective and in light of the findings of modern scholarship. Strabo describes the history of the early Roman province using the knowledge of his time and applying the political categories of a Greek living in the Roman world. He almost always deals with Greek history and the history of colonization in particular, but some events from Roman history are also present in his work; as far as current affairs are concerned, what interests Strabo most is the 'functionality' of Sicily. Strabo looks at the island through the eyes of a Greek noting the decay of the polis system: the institutional changes of the Roman age can only partially compensate for what he considers the collapse of the polis system within the territory.

Tükidides, savaş konusu içinde güç ilişkileri, emperyalizm, yozlaşma ve savaşın nedenleri tezlerini inceleyip gelecek nesillere istifade edebilecekleri ders ve deneyimler aktarmaya çalıştı. Tezlerinin tamamı savaşla ilgilidir. Bunları savaştan soyutlamak, boyut ve önemlerinin azalmasına neden olacaktır. Bu tezler özellikle son elli sene içinde birçok Tükidides incelemesine konu oldu. Ancak Tükidides’in temel tezlerinden biri ihmal edildi. Bu tez, savaşta komuta sorunudur. Tükidides bu sorunun varlığını farkedip inceleyen ilk kişidir. Aslında eserini yazmaya başladığında bu sorunu ve savaşta bireyin önemini pek kavrayamadı. Bütün önemi, şehirler ve toplu olarak vatandaşlarına verdi. Ancak Perikles, Brasidas, Alkibiades, Kleon, Demosthenes ve Nikias gibi sivil-asker liderlerin olayların gidişatına etkileri, O’nun fikrini zamanla değiştirmesine yolaçtı. Çünkü kriz anlarında bireylerin hiç olmadığı kadar önem kazandığını farketti. Savaşın Atina’nın yenilgi ve felaketi ile bitmesi, Tükidides'i eseri yeniden değerlendirmeye zorladı. Zamansız ölümü bu tezi etraflı ve bütünlüklü incelemesine imkan tanımadı. Kanaatimizce bunlar, savaşta komuta sorununun klasik ve modern incelemecilerce gözden kaçırılmasının temel nedenidir.

A diffusion equation has been used to study migration of early humans into the South Asian subcontinent. The diffusion equation is tempered by a set of parameters that account for geographical features like proximity to water resources, altitude, and flatness of land. The ensuing diffusion of populations is followed in time-dependent computer simulations carried out over a period of 10,000 YBP. The geographical parameters are determined from readily-available satellite data. The results of our computer simulations are compared to recent genetic data so as to better correlate the migratory patterns of various populations; they suggest that the initial populations started to coalesce around 4,000 YBP before the commencement of a period of relative geographical isolation of each population group. The period during which coalescence of populations occurred appears consistent with the established timeline associated with the Harappan civilization and also, with genetic admixing that rece...

The timing and dietary role of maize agriculture is central to archaeological discussions in the Andean region. In the semi-arid region of northern Chile (SARNC), archaeological models propose that maize was adopted during the Early Ceramic period in tandem with pottery and sedentism. Through stable isotope (SI) analyses, of bone collagen and apatite, this study assesses the timing of maize introduction, diachronic changes (2,000 BCE to 1,540 CE.), and synchronic dietary variability in the prehistoric SARNC. Fifty-two prehistoric individuals from SARNC were analyzed for δ(13) Cap , δ(13) Ccol, and δ(15) N. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the results by period and location (inland and coast). Between-periods (ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis tests), and synchronic comparisons (inland vs. coast; Student's t-tests), were conducted. A SIAR model was run to further evaluate dietary changes. Dietary interpretations are based on food web data. Coastal groups show significant ch...

This article is dedicated to the topic of the dispute between two Greek authors of the Hellenistic era. Scholars are trying to restore the details of the controversy between Callimachus of Cyrene and Apollonius of Rhodes, and for this they turn to various written testimonies that have survived to our days. In a few words Apollonius, relying on the centuries-old tradition of verbal and visual arts, created Argonautica, reproducing in it the image of the bygone world and the world of his time. Like Apollonius, Callimachus did not reject mythology, using it as a mythologized history of Hellas. But turning to it, in addition to glorifying his Cyrene, became for him a means of self-affirmation and self-expression.

The aim of this paper is to present, through different examples of personal names, evidence of the linguistic contact between Carian and Greek. In contrast to the traditional study of Carian onomastics based on the establishment of an indigenous onomastic corpus and its internal
analysis isolated from its context, a sociolinguistic approach to naming practices is proposed by establishing the existence of ‘border names’ and observing the distribution of Greek and Carian names in some representative texts.

Previous research suggests that the complex symbolic, technological, and socio-economic behaviors that typifyhad roots in the middle Pleistocene <200 ka, but data bearing on human behavioral origins are limited. We present a series of excavated Middle Stone Age sites from the Olorgesailie Basin, southern Kenya, dated ≥295 to ~320 ka byAr/Ar and U-Series methods. Hominins at these sites made prepared cores and points, exploited iron-rich rocks to obtain red pigment, and procured stone tool materials from ≥25-50 km distance. Associated fauna suggests a broad resource strategy that included large and small prey. These practices imply significant changes in how individuals and groups related to the landscape and one another, and provide documentation relevant to human social and cognitive evolution.

One of Herodotus’ favourite types of digression is the short narrative excursus, an anecdote or brief historical legend inserted into a broader storyline of different thematic content. These digressive tales are connected with important recurrent themes and thought patterns of Herodotus’ oeuvre, such as the irruption of the marvellous into ordinary human existence (Arion’s salvation, 1.23‒24), the confrontation between power and wisdom (Alcmeon in Croesus’ treasury, 6.125) and the unexpected verification of predictions (Hippias’ dream, 6.107). The most enthralling of these narrative deviations encapsulate a significant finding of Herodotus’ research, an argument that is central to the author’s anthropological worldview or to his exposition of historical experience. These tales look back and forward to important episodes of Herodotus’ main narrative, echo characteristic statements of the author’s philosophy of history, and thus serve as connective links within an intricate network of historical thought. In the most successful cases they illustrate deeper forces which underlie the development of the historical process and regulate the course of human societies. This particular aspect is analyzed through the examination of a series of examples from Herodotus’ work: Thrasybulus’ riddling advice to Periander (5.92ζ); the confrontation of Greeks and Indians before King Darius (3.38); and the final digression of the entire work, Cyrus’ dialogue with Artembares (9.122).

Ancient sources made only ambiguous references to a building program proposed by Demetrius of Phalerum during his ten-year government. If we are not able to single out any coherent intervention on Athens city planning, nevertheless several laws proposed by Demetrius aiming at reaching a new political balance between the élite and the demos had an impressive impact on Athenian landscape. The article analyses the influence exercised by Demetrius’ decrees on the political landscape of Athens and its legacy to the Hellenistic city.